A Doctoral Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School, The Ohio State University. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Assessment of the environmental perceptions, attitudes, and awareness of city dwellers regarding sustainable urban environmental management: a case study of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Environment, Development and Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02354-y, Degree of importance of demographic and socio-cultural factors in environmental perception: bases for the design of public policies in Argentina and Spain, The environmental attitude of the urban population living in Macap City, Brazilian Amazon region, Investigating environmental awareness of citizens of Azerbaijan: a survey on ecological footprint, Perceptions of smart sustainable cities: a scale development study, The use of NEP scale to evaluate the environmental worldview of the employees in the city of Kacanik in Republic of Kosovo, Factors influencing residents attitude towards urban green infrastructure in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria, From environmental knowledge to encouraging pro-environmental behavior for air pollution control in Isfahan: a highly air-polluted city in central Iran, Perception of Urban Environmental Risks and the Effects of Urban Green Infrastructures (UGIs) on Human Well-being in Four Public Green Spaces of Guangzhou, China. 5). International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 1(6), 22498958. Scott, D., & Willets, F. K. (1994). Based on a mean score analysis, moderately high environmental attitudes were found among respondents across all occupations (especially the business group) in relation to the themes NAEA (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 2.52,S=0.74, p=0.11) and AEIL (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 3.86,S=0.81, p=0.00). Bangladesh is one of the most environmentally hazard countries and it will face serious environmental problems in near future. Environmental knowledge and attitudes. Accessed 18 May 2018. http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dhaka,_Geology. Civil works contracts cost estimated to less than $1 million procured using national competitive bidding (NCB). NCB packages valued at more than $100,000 was subject to prior review by ADB. Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of The People's Republic of Bangladesh. Dhaka City Corporation. Martnez-Borreguero et al. All environmental perception and attitude themes revealed were strongly related with age groups, education levels, and income groups. Rennie, L. J. Bylaws as prepared on medical waste disposal was submitted to the concerned ministry, but clearance has not yet been received. 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Kibert N. C. (2000). Khan, S. M. M. H. (2016). The national urban public and environmental health committee (NUPEHC) is constituted and meets annually. Similar studies on public knowledge of pollution in the cities of Oman and India have shown that females have significantly higher levels of environmental awareness than their male counterparts (Al-Shidi et al., 2021; Larijani, 2010). Prof. Bhandari shares why he thinks "VashudhivaKuttumbakam" the entire planet is our home and all living beings are our relatives. This study aims at exploring the emerging challenges of urbanization in Bangladesh. Meenakshi, P. (2009). (2022)Cite this article. Dose location matter? The Asian Productivity Organization. Cities, 11(3), 195200. To the extent practicable, goods grouped into procurement packages larger than $500,000 to be suitable for international competitive bidding procedures. Accessed 22 November 2018. They also had an intention to reduce the environmental pollution in their surroundings. Environmental assessments have been prepared as part of the detailed design of subprojects in accordance with the agreed Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF). This figure represents the mean of the means \(({\mu }_{\overline{x} })\), the average standard deviation (S), the error bars (meanstandard deviation values), and the combined p value data of each environmental perception and attitude theme, where NS=nonsignificant (p>.05), *=significant at p<.05, and **=strongly significant at p<.01. Public awareness, perceptions and attitudes on air pollution and its health effects in Muscat, Oman. (2010). The study still has some limitations due to the rigorous design of the survey. Thus, a citys pro-environmental orientation may improve the quality of life within it and ensure urban environmental sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.10.013, Qian, X., Xu, G., Li, L., Shen, Y., He, T., Liang, Y., Yang, Z., Zhou, W. W., & Xu, J. The environmental condition is degrading day after day and it is acute in urban area. The study results revealed that the respondents had a moderate to high level of perceived knowledge about the causes and effects of environmental pollution. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg019. Urban local bodies that are mandated to provide public and environmental health-related services have limited institutional and financial capacities. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916504269665. Voigtlaender, S., Breckenkamp, J., & Razum, O. Regarding the themes NAEA and AEIL, a moderately high environmental attitudes were found across people engaged in different businesses. In terms of income groups, respondents who earned more than 30,000 BDT (23.61%) monthly expressed more concerns about issues associated with waste management in relation to the environmental awareness theme AHSWM. http://www.rajukdhaka.gov.bd/rajuk/image/slideshow/Dhaka_Structural_Plan.html. The score differences (p<.05) across the age groups, education levels, occupation types, and income groups were nearly all significant, except for those pertaining to the gender of the respondents. Rapidly urbanizing Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities in the world. Effects of the income levels of the respondents on their environmental perceptions and attitudes. From this analysis, it could be said that the levels of environmental perception and attitudes regarding environmental issues exhibited by the residents of Dhaka are higher for all age groups, and these individuals are informed about the causes and effects of environmental pollution. It is urgent to influence citizens environmental behaviors to ensure the citys long-term sustainability. People who had monthly incomes ranging from 16,000 to 20,000 BDT (36.44%) were more conscious about environmental laws and rules than those in other income groups in relation to the theme AAPLR. DFID, The Bartlett Development Planning Unit and WS Atkins, Epsom. This paper examines this relationship in the context of households in "extreme poverty" in the city of Khulna, Bangladesh. Environmental pollution perception matters. Testing of food and water samples in Dhaka South City Corporation and Chittagong City Corporation has been increased significantly. The results regarding the demographic variables of the respondents indicated that these variables influenced the respondents environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2010.11906302, Liu, X., Wu, Y., Hu, Y., Liu, D., Zhang, J., Chen, C., Yuan, Z., & Lu, Y. In this interview Prof. Bhandari explains the severity of current environmental impact on human and other living beings and explicate how and why we need to worry. As Dhaka is an economic and political hub of the country, people from other districts come to this city for better educational facilities, health care services, and job opportunities, overcrowding the city. Air Pollution Monitoring Report of World Health Organisation (WHO). Both the male and the female respondents had low levels of environmental awareness in all cases. Clim Dev 4(4):311326, UNDESA (2012) World population prospects: the 2012 revision. Sudarmadi et al. Program extended up to 30 June 2021. Holding tax management system report and operational guidelines approved and being implemented. The mean score data for the male and female respondents are almost equal considering their high level of environmental perception and attitude; this indicates their tendency toward environmental thinking on these issues. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(98)00016-8, Xiao, C., & Hong, D. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2021.1930287, Anand, S. V. (2013). In terms of awareness level, both males and females were shown to have lower levels of environmental awareness in all cases in terms of the AAPLR and AHSWM themes. The rate of environmental pollution is higher in Dhaka than in any other city in this country (Islam et al., 2014; The World Bank, 2018). This document covers the exposure of populations and ecosystems outside urban boundaries to urban pollution and includes consideration of global environmental issues (especially climate change). Prayag Pustak Bhawan. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7204-1. Dhaka, Bangladesh was chosen as the research area of this study, as Bangladesh is a developing country with pollution; moreover, the level of residents environmental perception was assessed, and their environmental attitudes and awareness were examined in relation to their demographic characteristics. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2013.875932. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. As a result, service workers know their home and adjacent environments well and are careful about them. The component for urban primary health care sustainability fund for each city corporation is considered under different project.The introduction of effective private sector participation for delivery of UPEH services is achieved. . The overall results of this research showed that the respondents exhibited a relatively high level of environmental perception alongside an environmentally friendly attitude but that they also had a lack of environmental awareness. Conceptual framework of the study (devised by authors). The Asian Development Bank (ADB) in many ways is uniquely placed to help the Government address these daunting multidimensional challenges. A Masters thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. zden, M. (2008). Urbanisation and environmental degradation in Dhaka Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh. As a developing country Bangladesh has a smaller economy than those of the developed countries. The analysis of contingency tables. Cities, 77, 142157. In: Pauleit S, Jorgensen G, Kabisch S, Gasparini P, Fohlmeister S, Simonis I, Yeshitela K, Coly A, Lindley S, Kombe WJ (eds) Urban vulnerability and climate change in Africa. The statistical data of the study also proved that people who have received a tertiary level of education seem to have a high level of environmental perception in relation to the themes PCEP and PEEP and a stronger environmental attitude toward the theme PAEA. Environmental geography. Environmental Pollution and Impacts on Public Health: Implications of the Dandora Dumping Site Municipal in Nairobi, Kenya. The study has found that the Dhaka city is expanding rapidly and environmental issues are the main problem for urbanization. Then, a grand mean, average standard deviation, and combined p values for environmental perception and attitude themes were computed theme-wise. Respondents across different income groups (especially those who had a monthly income higher than 30,000 BDT) showed higher levels of environmental perception toward the themes PCEP (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 4.14,S=0.76, p=0.00) and PEEP (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 4.35,S=0.72, p=0.03) and high environmental attitudes toward the themes PAEA (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 4.24,S=0.75, p=0.002) but the theme AEIL (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 3.93,S=0.89, p=0.01) displayed a moderately high environmental attitude. Statistical methods for research workers. Urban policy, institutional and capacity development United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Identifying environmental health priorities in underserved populations: A study of rural versus urban communities. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4535142. Impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intentions of students in technical and vocational education and training institutions (TVET) in Malaysia. Distribution of the AHSWM status of the respondents (Note: AHSWM=Awareness of Home and Surrounding Waste Management). Gambo, B. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104851. Abdelhafiz, A. S., Mohammed, Z., Ibrahim, M. E., Ziady, H. H., Alorabi, M., Ayyad, M., & Sultan, E. A. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Approximately 44.8% of the total respondents belonged to the 3140 age group, 27.8% belonged to the 2130 age group, and 26% were older than 40. (2012). Figure5 also shows that there were significant score differences (p<0.05) between people with different levels of education when all the themes related to environmental perceptions and attitudes (PCEP, PEEP, NAEA, PAEA, and AEIL) were considered. Furthermore, certain findings have made the literature in this area contradictory in relation to environmental attitudes, showing that men tend to be more concerned and knowledgeable than women regarding environmental issues (Hayes, 2001; Xiao & Hong, 2010). Apparently, to achieve sustainable and overall development in an actual sense, the formulation of environmental security-promoting policies and its proper implementation are very momentous, and, its importance is undeniable. Furthermore, city-wide research is required to fully comprehend this studys larger context. GfK. Second, developing countries face environmental problems due to poverty (Anand, 2013). National Environment Management Action Plan (NEMAP) Volume Ia: Summary. (2) High incidence (more than 27 per cent) of the population living in extreme poverty (3) Substandard housing conditions resulting from high land prices, insecurity of tenure, and lack of loan finance (4) Non-availability of piped water in more than 80 per cent of the households. (2021). http://www.agasm.cag.gov.in/forms/questionnaire.pdf. But a large and growing population living in a relatively small geographical area which is increasingly pressurizing our environment air, water and soil, dictates the urgency of sustainable development in the country. Meeting the sustainable development challenges will need raising the awareness and understanding of people of the challenges and coordinated efforts at the local, regional, national and global levels. 2555-BAN: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Project [Package No. Department of Environment. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n12p141. The Access to Information Policy (AIP) recognizes that transparency and accountability are essential to development effectiveness. Transforming urban dichotomies and challenges of South Asian megacities: Rethinking sustainable growth of Dhaka. Nahar, N., Mahiuddin, S., & Hossain, Z. Approximately 28% of the respondents income was between 21,000 and 30,000 BDT, and approximately 22% of the respondents income was above 30,000 BDT (Table 3). A Masters thesis submitted to University of South Africa. An examination of the impact of non-formal and informal learning on adult environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. In terms of reducing the environmental problems of Dhaka, increasing peoples environmental consciousness is the responsibility of the citys residents as members of the community (Hasan & Mulamoottil, 1994). The simplified conceptual framework of the study is presented in Fig. (2000). (2016) investigated public knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward environmental concerns and management. He also shares the essence of education, he uses the term EDUCARE-education for life. Khuda, Z. R. M. M. (2001). Similarly, it examines the extent to which individual and communal responses are merely "coping"-or whether they have the potential to generate broader political change that strengthens the position of marginalized groups in the city. https://doi.org/10.2307/449275, Howel, D., Moffatt, S., Bush, J., Dunn, C. E., & Prince, H. (2003). Badami (2013). Likewise, city dwellers face higher pollution levels than rural residents in their everyday lives (Bernhard et al., 2013). Regarding age groups, it could be stated that the respondents had little awareness of all the environmental awareness themes across all the age groups. The participants of the study are from a megacity; thus, caution should be exercised, as the sample is unlikely to be socioeconomically representative of the entire population. Common Peoples Access to the Environment Courts of Bangladesh: An Appraisal. Regarding all the themes of environmental awareness (AAPLR and AHSWM), across educational levels, the respondents had little awareness of environmental issues. It is the mantra of achieving sustainable development. Urban areas can be among the worlds most healthy places to live and work but also among the least healthy. The city covers an area of 1528 km2 and lies between 2342' and 2354' north latitudes and 9020' and 9028' east longitudes (Banglapedia 2014a; Swapan et al. The authors declare no conflict of interest and the research was not published and under considerations anywhere. Government employees perception of urban air pollution and willingness to pay for improved quality: A cross-sectional survey study in Nanchang, China. Urban pollution encompasses the exposure of urban populations to pathogens (disease-causing agents) and chemical pollutants in the home, workplace, neighbourhood and wider city. Increasing unsustainable consumption patterns have led to worsening air pollution, water scarcity and waste generation and threaten human and environmental health. The report of the high level panel of eminent persons on the post-2015 development agenda. The relationship between "coping" and "resilience" increasingly features in academic, policy and practical discussions on adaptation to climate change in urban areas. To assess the significant score differences among the various demographic factors concerning the themes of environmental perceptions and the attitudes of the respondents, combined p values were used, where p>0.05 indicated nonsignificance, p<0.05 indicated significance, and p<0.01 indicated strong significance (Everitt, 1992; Imon, 2016). Cochran, W. G. (1963). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. UN economic and social commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok. Save the children (Unpublished internal workshop report), MoEF (Ministry of Environment and Forestry) (2012) Rio +20: national report on sustainable development. Adolescent environmental behaviors: Can knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy make a difference? Social Science Quarterly, 94(3), 672690. People perception of landscape change effects on ecosystem services in small Mediterranean islands: A combination of subjective and objective assessments. Environment and Behavior, 36, 229250. Uncontrolled population growth, rapid urbanization, industrialization, inadequate and improper traffic management, inefficient solid waste management, etc., are the leading causes of environmental pollution in this city (Dewan et al., 2012; Islam et al., 2014; Khan, 2016; Swapan et al., 2017). Another study in the capital of Kenya showed that socioeconomic factors are correlated with peoples perceptions of local air quality, which was found to be low in the slums of Nairobi (Egondi et al., 2013). Figure9 demonstrates the percentage distribution of the environmental awareness theme AHSWM with the demographic parameters of the respondents. Najmun Nahar. Approximately 28% of the respondents were involved with different types of business and commerce. Retrieved from http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm, UNEP (2009) Environmental governance. The female respondents (34.67%) were more conscious about environmental laws and rules than the male respondents (29.78%) considering the theme AAPLR, and the female respondents (18.75%) were slightly more aware than the male respondents (18.23%) about waste management-related issues in relation to the theme AHSWM. Because there is huge pollution in Dhaka city through unawareness of human activities. Earth, 2(1), 124139. 197212). Stakeholder consultation is an ongoing process which is being undertaken during project planning and design stages. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Municipal solid waste collection, transportation, and treatment improvement activities are being implemented. Nahar, N., Hossain, Z. The inclusive results of this study reveal that the residents of Dhaka are well informed about having an environmentally friendly attitude but are not practicing environmentally friendly activities. Google Scholar. The UN in Bangladesh on Thursday condemned a second cut in food rations for Rohingya refugees who are sheltering in the country, after a funding shortfall of $56 million compelled the World Food Programme (WFP) to enforce the cuts. Bangladesh Environment, Forestry and Climate Change Country Investment Plan. (2011). A close relationship between the income of the household and the types of diseases they suffer was observed. Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Ricardo-AEA, ICLEI, Adelphi, Arcadis, Alexander Ballard, University of Manchester and Tecnalia (2013) Adaptation strategies for European cities (No. The data were compiled, processed, and statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 23 and MS Excel 2016 and incorporated into the text, tables, and graphs of this study. The mean score data of the graph highlight that there were no significant score differences (p<0.05) between the male and female respondents considering all the themes (PCEP, PEEP, NAEA, PAEA, and AEIL) in terms of environmental perceptions and attitudes (Fig. British Medical Bulletin. Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1990.10753743, Ibrahim, W. N. A., Bakar, A. R., Asimiran, S., Mohamed, S., & Zakaria, N. S. (2015). We noticed few or no differences between men and women in urban areas concerning their views on the links between air pollution and health (Howel et al., 2003); moreover, no gender effect was found in a study examining the perceptions of inhabitants on heavy metal soil contamination (Dogaru et al., 2009; Grasmck & Scholz et al., 2005). (2001) evaluated the environmental perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of two Indonesian social groups. Presented at the fifth international conference on community-based adaptation, Dhaka, Mittal N (2012) An integrated framework for disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and resilience for save the children in Nepal: a brief review. Strengthened UPEH governance and management (policy reform area 4 and project component C), 1. There are significant score differences (p<0.05) between people with different education levels considering all the themes (PCEP, PEEP, NAEA, PAEA, and AEIL) of environmental perception and attitude. The findings of this study showed that there were no significant score differences (p<0.05) between the male and female respondents considering all the themes (PCEP, PEEP, NAEA, PAEA, and AEIL) of environmental perception and attitude. Saricam, S. Y., Kara, B., & Nurlu, E. (2011). Accessed 24 December 2021. Agro-industry, marketing, and trade, Health / Young people show more environmental concern than concern for other issues (Bi et al., 2010). Because they are growing so rapidly, cities encounter complex challenges which they are not well equipped to address. The support from revenue budget to core civil servants of UPEHU has been complied. More research into this topic is needed to find gaps in the current understanding of why individuals do not conserve their surroundings and how people can become more aware of their surroundings for sustainable environmental development. Oliver & Boyd. According to the mean score data depicted by the graph, the respondents with higher education levels had better environmental perceptions of various aspects of environmental issues (Fig. 2831). - 198.12.251.108. A. Bhandari states "My intention, of life is to pay back; give or contribute to the society in fullest whatever I have, earned, or experienced." The WHO-UNEP Health and Environment Linkages Initiative (HELI). United Nations Publications, New York. As a center of trade, commerce, and administration for the country, the city contributes greatly to the economy of Bangladesh. A more liveable Dhaka City. More than 65% of the households sold recyclables to waste collecting street hawkers, while another 25% handed recyclables to domestic workers, who in turn sold recyclables in the market. Background paper for the ZEF Environment and Health Research Theme. Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. The authors conclude with a discussion on how the reflections and analysis drawn from the Bangladesh context may apply more widely and transfer across other South Asian contexts which share similar urbanization and environmental governance challenges. 7). Correspondence to The study findings showed that people over 40years have higher environmental perceptions of the themes PCEP and PEEP. Report for the ECDirectorate general for climate action. Dewan, A., & Corner, R. Bangladesh Development Series-Paper No. Accessed 10 December 2021. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. This map shows the location of the study area. Journal of Human Ecology, 31(2), 121124. (1995). The current studys findings identified a clear role of total income and income inequality in influencing peoples perceptions, attitudes, and awareness. In: Session 12 on institutional capacity dimensions of scaling up CBA. The World Bank Office, Dhaka. The study results showed that except for gender, all the examined demographic parameters affected environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Changing learner behavior through environmental education. More highly educated respondents had greater levels of environmental awareness for the themes PCEP (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 4.07,S=0.75, p=0.00) and PEEP (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 4.30,S=0.73, p=0.00) and higher environmental attitudes toward the theme PAEA (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 4.22,S=0.72, p=0.01). However, women have less extensive environmental knowledge than men but usually show more concern about environmental degradation and are more willing to change because they are more emotionally attached to their surroundings (Kollmuss & Agyeman, 2002). Employment status significantly contributes to peoples perceptions (Dogaru et al., 2009). Landscape and Urban Planning. In Habitat Int 33(2):181189, Brown D, Dodman D (2014) Understanding childrens risk and agency in urban areas and their implications for childcentred urban disaster risk reduction in Asia: insights from Dhaka, Kathmandu, Manila and Jakarta. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 21, 16271638. Among the female respondents, 18.5% were home makers. https://doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports.632, Aretano, R., Petrosillo, I., Zaccarelli, N., Semeraro, T., & Zulini, G. (2013). Pereira et al. Moderately strong environmental attitudes were found among people in different income groups in relation to the theme NAEA. Environ Dev Sustain (2022). Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Babalola, Y. T., Babalola, A. D., & Okhale, F.O. This paper explores local environmental problems at both the household and neighbourhood levels in Chittagong, based on a broad spectrum household survey. Bangladesh is geographically an environmental threat-prone country. A total of 400 participants were interviewed, of whom approximately 66.3% were male and 33.8% were female. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145401, Larijani, M. (2010). Apart from being an eyesore, ill-managed solid waste in Pakistan is one of the primary causes of health and environmental problems, which costs the state and individual households hundreds of millions of rupees in healthcare costs and lost productivity. 2010; Aretano et al., 2013; Islam et al., 2014). Elements of environmental science and engineering. Relationship between perceptions and attitude of secondary school students in Kaduna Metropolis towards environmental problems. In contrast, people in the range of 3140years have strong environmental attitudes toward the theme PAEA. The RF covers both ADB and government policy requirements. According to the results of the one-way ANOVA shown in Fig. The successful implementation of the UPEHSDP will help reduce child mortality and morbidity by reducing the prevalence of waterborne and food-related diseases, increase productivity by reducing overall morbidity, and improve the quality of life of urban inhabitants. Comparing the findings regarding all the themes of environmental perceptions, attitudes, and awareness, we may conclude that the residents of Dhaka are concerned about environmental pollution issues and their impacts on society. The Accountability Mechanism provides a forum where people adversely affected by ADB-assisted projects can voice and seek solutions to their problems and report alleged noncompliance of ADB's operational policies and procedures. Meinhold, J. L., & Malkus, A. J. This true story tells how personal background makes people's perceptions on nature and society and what role a spiritual / tradition, Indigenous knowledge can motivate himself or herself to devote on conservation of nature and social empowerment. This paper provides an overview o f different environmental problems of Bangladesh and discusses the ways to . Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Mol AP (2009) Urban environmental governance innovations in China. Updating the assessment of holding taxes by City corporations is in progress. Retrieved from http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/pdf/outputs/urbanisation/FPC_Report_FINAL.pdf, Hardoy JE, Mitlin D, Satterthwaite D (2001) Environmental problems in an urbanizing world: finding solutions in cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America, 2nd edn. Accessed 22 May 2018. Then, for each theme, we computed a grand mean or a mean of the means (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} })\) using the means of all the statements based on the formula of Everitt (2006). Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/44232263.pdf, Puppim de Oliveira JA, Doll CNH, Balaban O, Jiang P, Dreyfus M, Suwa A, Moreno-Penaranda R, Dirgahayani P (2013) Green economy and governance in cities: assessing good governance in key urban economic processes. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09678-0, Yapici, G., genler, O., Kurt, A. O., Koas, F., & Sasmaz, T. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.post2015hlp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/UN-Report.pdf, Vedeld T, Kombe W, Kweka-Msale C, Mareme Ndour N, Hellevik S (2014) Multi-level governance, climate change and floods in urban Africa. This deteriorating environmental quality is further aggravated by poor planning, inadequate and uncontrolled infrastructure development, lack of awareness about environmental issues, absence of appropriate pollution control measures, availability of appropriate legislation, and, inadequate enforcement of available legislative mechanisms to impro. https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/global-liveability-index-2021/. Environmental degradation: Challenges of 21st century. Climate Change Management. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212206, Choudri, B. S., Baawain, M., Al-Sidairi, A., Al-Nadabi, H., & Al-Zeidi, K. (2016). Bangladesh prides itself with exemplar macro-level environmental policy and governance instruments, but these have failed to translate into practice, due to weak policy enforcement and implementation on account of a number of systemic barriers and constraints. CAS Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. NEMAP. Two-thirds of Bangladesh's land area sits at an elevation of five meters or less, leaving the densely populated country with more than 165 million people vulnerable to devastating natural disasters like cyclones, floods, earthquakes and landslides. https://doi.org/10.2167/irgee227.0, Pereira, R., Santos, R., Pvoas, S., & Silva, P. (2018). (2004). The mean score data of the graph also showed strongly significant score differences (p<0.01) across the different age groups for the themes PCEP and AEIL. (2007). PLoS ONE, 14(3), e0212206. To facilitate a better understanding, several other associated variables (e.g., environmental rules, resource use, and environmental infrastructure) must be examined. McGraw-Hill. Sajal, I. (2014). Specifically for cities, sustainable development is hampered by a lack of housing and other infrastructure, industrialization, a scarcity of land, antiquated water supply infrastructure, a. It draws on a quantitative data set based on 550 household interviews in low-income and informal settlements that identified the extent of the underlying drivers of vulnerability in this setting, including very low income, inadequate shelter, poor nutritional status and limited physical assets. Effects of the education level of the respondents on their environmental perceptions and attitudes. Following consultants were engaged and mobilized in accordance with ADB's quality- and cost-based selection procedures: (i) design supervision and construction consultants; (ii) financial management and municipal finance consultants; and (iii) program support consultants. Chiang Mai, Thailand. Some findings seemed contradictory in that they demonstrated that people with low incomes show more environmental concern than those with high incomes (Uyeki & Holland, 2000). Vissers, A. Moreover, the respondents with different educational levels (especially primary education) showed moderately high environmental attitudes toward the themes NAEA (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 2.63,S=0.77, p=0.00) and AEIL (\({\mu }_{\overline{x} }\) = 3.86,S=0.78, p=0.01). (2018) also investigated the relationship between physical activity and environmental knowledge using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The percentage of the population of Bangladesh living in urban areas has increased rapidly over the last four decades, from 8 % in 1974 to nearly 30 % in 2014 (see Fig. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htm. Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. In D. Corrigan, J. Dillon, & R. Gunstone (Eds. In this study, a questionnaire survey was carried out in the Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) area, which is now divided into two parts: Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC), and each city corporation has five zones. Dhaka: Improving Living Conditions for the Urban Poor. Retrieved from http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/10652IIED.pdf, Corfee-Morlot J, Kamal-Chaoui L, Donovan M, Cochran I, Robert A, Teasdale P (2009) Cities, climate change and multilevel governance. Regarding education level, people who had a tertiary level of education (20.16%) were more responsive to waste management-related issues in their homes and the surrounding environment than those with other levels of schooling in relation to the environmental awareness theme AHSWM. Hao (2007) and Mugabi et al. Dhaka City Neighborhood Upgrading Project. EIR. United Nations environment programme, Nairobi. The National Environment Management Action Plan (NEMAP) is a policy framework that was developed by the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) from 1995 to 2005 to ensure environmentally friendly sustainable development for the provision of proper environmental management by raising awareness among the people (NEMAP, 1995). The Planning Commission will need to take necessary measures to mainstream the strategies of NSDS into national development planning processes. What risks are people concerned about? (2007). http://siteresources.worldbank.org/BANGLADESHEXTN/Resources/295759-1182963268987/dhakaurbanreport.pdf. Springer Science and Business, Dordrecht, Tacoli C (2010) Environment and urbanisation brief 20: governance, migration and local development. Improved financial sustainability of urban public and environmental health interventions are operational (policy reform area 2 and project component C), 3. Improving the country's resilience to immediate and future climate risks is essential to sustain Bangladesh's development gains. The limitations of this study, which investigated the environmental perceptions, attitudes, and awareness of residents concerning pollution, must be accepted. Practical Action Consulting, Lima, Feldman S, Geisler C (2011) Land grabbing in Bangladesh: in-situ displacement of peasant holdings. They also are knowledgeable about activities related to environmental initiatives and legislation. Chin, Y. S. J., Pretto, L. D., Thuppil, V., & Ashfold, M. J. Environmental attitudes and behavior. Dhaka Structure Plan 20162035. (2021). (2014a). Furthermore, research appears to show that improving low-income individuals financial situations can increase their environmental awareness. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Publishing, Paris. Alom, M. M., & Khan, M. Z. H. (2014). Environment, Development and Sustainability, 3(2), 169183. The rest self-disposed household solid waste mostly in empty lots in the neighbourhood. Numerous studies have demonstrated a gap between environmental perceptions, attitudes, awareness, and mannerisms, but no convincing explanation for this phenomenon has been found (Kollmuss & Agyeman, 2002). The country, already grappling with the Rohingya crisis, now faces a devastating migration problem as hundreds of thousands face an impossible choice between battered coastlines and urban slums. Environmental Protection Laws, Rules and Orders. Questionnaire. Journal of Environmental Education, 27, 4144. (2010). In this regard, the whole Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) area was divided into two city corporations, the Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and the Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC), for administrative purposes (Banglapedia, 2014b). In the context of developing economics Bangladesh to faces a wide array of environmental problems which affect the wellbeing of its citizens. Accessed 26 February 2020. Due to the unavailability of zone-specific population data on the DNCC and DSCC areas, according to the formula for sample size determination of unknown populations by Cochran (1963), 40 respondents were selected based on a simple random sampling technique from each zone of both city corporations with a 95% confidence level,9.3% precision level, and 10% population proportion. The SDP builds on more than a decade of ADB's strong engagement in urban development in Bangladesh, and makes a concerted effort to mainstream valuable lessons learned and good practices which have evolved from ADB-supported projects, such as urban governance and infrastructure improvement projects and urban primary health care projects. https://www.bufbd.org/images/selectedreports/2015/state-of-cities-2015.pdf. Land values have increased by an average of 22.26% per year between 1990 and . Retrieved from http://www.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/medialibrary/publications/working_papers/bwpi-wp-17812.pdf, Bicknell J, Dodman D, Satterthwaite D (eds) (2009) Adapting cities to climate change: understanding and addressing the development challenges. Part of Springer Nature. In contrast, in other studies, significantly lower knowledge mean scores have been found for adults (>50years) than for young people, with statistically significant differences (Abdelhafiz et al., 2020). A questionnaire survey, key informant interviews (KIIs), and direct observations were conducted as primary data collection. Urban areas often have damaging impacts on the areas around them that affect both the health of the inhabitants and resources, including freshwater resources and protective and productive ecosystem services. Inspiring impact of collection of tax through online is very noticeable and it is clearly reflected especially in Dhaka South City Corporation and Dhaka North City Corporation. General Economics Division, Bangladesh Planning Commission, Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. The environmental perception section consisted of two themes (Theme 1: PCEP- Perceptions of Causes of Environmental Pollution; and Theme 2: PEEP- Perceptions of Effects of Environmental Pollution), the environmental attitude section contained three themes (Theme 3: NAEA- Negative Attitudes toward Environmental Actions; Theme 4: PAEA- Positive Attitudes toward Environmental Actions; and Theme 5: AEIL- Attitudes towards Environmental Initiatives and Legislation), and the environmental awareness section included two themes (Theme 6: AALPR- Awareness of Activities and Legislation for Pollution Reduction; and Theme 7: AHSWM- Awareness of Home and Surrounding Waste Management) (Table 1). (2021). (2013). A five-point Likert scale was designed for the environmental perceptions and attitudes Sects. Environmental degradation threatens all development endeavors. (1932). Knowledge, perceptions, and attitude of Egyptians towards the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This paper focuses on the determinants of household solid waste generation in Rawalpindi Cantonment. ), Dhaka Megacity: Geospatial perspectives on urbanization (pp. A harmonized, vertically and horizontally coordinated and collaborative effort by donors, civil society, and private sector, to address the persistent and entrenched systemic governance challenges and barriers, and replace these with systemic enablers especially at the local level, can stem the tide of this environmental deterioration and catalyse transformative changes in urban contexts. Romina Giselle Sales, Antonio Alberto Rodrguez Sousa, Alejandro J. 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